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Symmetries, Patterns & Tessellations
Constructed With The Geometer's Sketchpad

by Allan Bergmann Jensen, original version 1997. Updated March 1999.

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Contents:

  • Download
    All tessellation's and guides showed in the gallery can be downloaded from here...
  • Link and references
    The comment on this page is in Danish, but all links will take you to homepages in English.

English note

Most topics presented on these WebPages can be found on WebSites written in English. See my listing on the link and referencepage. All links will take you to sites written in English! This WebSite is (according to my knowledge) the first Danish WebSite covering this specific topic and the aim is to present GSP and the symmetry for Danish teachers and Danish students.

My main point is that dynamic geometry should be presented for the student primarily through working with basic symmetry: Reflection, rotation, transformation and (perhaps) glidereflection. Many of the fundamental geometric figures, like squares, rectangles and polygons, are often best constructed (and perhaps even best understood) through the use of symmetry.  When working with dynamic geometry, the dynamics of a figure should, whenever possible, reflect the inner symmetric qualities of the particular figure. So, dragging symmetric points, should result in symmetric behaviour.

What is the most basic feature of a square?
Most people will give an answer something like this:
Four segments of the same length, arranged with four corners each 90 degrees.

But perhaps this kind of definition is the result of teaching and culture. We can imagine the person giving this answer constructing the square using a protractor (or compass) to raise the perpendicular lines and a compass or a ruler to mark the length of. the sides.

But consider an answer like:
Segments between the images of a point rotated 90 degrees 4 times in another point.

The latter explanation uses a few more words. But the thinking and construction isn't difficult.  Try out for yourself.

Symmetries, patterns and tessellation's is a superb subject for teaching basic geometry because:

  1. It is visual and the results are spectacular - good patters scream: WATCH ME!

  2. Many "rules" can be formulated and discovered by the students.

  3. It is easy to teach more than one level at the same time and the levels go from simple jigsaw exercises to complex group theory.

  4. It is appealing, even to the student who is less mathematical in his/her thinking.

  5. The subject seems to be endless - and there are unsolved problems for students who seek immortality (f.ex. how many pentagons can tile the plane? In 1985 fourteen types were known).

  6. The skills in analysing pattern might be useful in many different studies.

  7. The student's performance in geometry is more effective when he/she takes advantage of the symmetries in constructions.

 

Download:

  • Wallpaper groups with GSP
    Download a collection of GSP-sketches illustrating all the 17-wallpaper groups:
    wall_1.exe (self extracting zipfile, 263 kb, Windows 3.1 or later, GSP v.3)

  • Construction help
    Download a collection with construction help regarding wallpaper patterns with GSP:
    wall_2.exe (self extracting zipfile, 160 kb, Windows 3.1 or later, GSP v.3)

  • Penrose tiling
    Download a collection of GSP-scripts, which can be used to construct penrose tilings (Fat rhomb and thin rhomb). Extract the files to your "Script Tool Directory".
    penrose.exe (self extracting zipfile, 90 kb, Windows 3.1 or later, GSP v.3)

 


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© Allan Bergmann Jensen, 1999
bergmann@post6.tele.dk